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Iquique - IQQ

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    Playas de Iquique

Iquique is a port and capital commune of the I Region of Tarapacá, Chile. Form along with leaves from the Province of Iquique and Integra the communes of Stop Hospicio, Huara, Camiña, Colchane, Goad and Almonte Well the Electoral District N° 2 and belongs to the 1ª Senatorial Circumscription (Tarapacá). The territorial surface of the commune during the census of 2002 was of 2853.3 km², since High Hospicio was including. The present surface is of 2262.4 km². The population of the city, is of 226,419 inhabitants considered to the 2006.

General performances

  • Founded like: Iquique.
  • Foundation: 1836.
  • Population: 226 419 inhabitants.
  • Surface: 2262 km².
  • Density: 76.3 Hab/km².
  • Region: Tarapacá.
  • Province: Iquique.
  • Circumscription: I - Tarapacá..
  • District:Nº 2.
  • Gentilicio:Iquiqueño/a

Toponymy

The changos pre-Hispanic inhabitants or rather the camanchacos are the first inhabitants of the place. According to the accepted interpretation more of I finish Iquique would mean "tranquillity", "Peace of rest" and that talks about to that the Camachacos had all their nutritional source, shelter and water at the hand, in attention to the source of subsistence of this town, that abounded in the environs of island or well-known rock like Ike-Ike, later in the Hispanic period like White Island and today Mountain Island.

The truth that its Iquique name is to start off single of century XIX, because previously it was known him like: Icaiza, port of Tarapacá, Ique-Ique or Our Lady of the Conception of Ique-that, name that to been evolving

Geography

* Latitude: 20º 13' ' S
* Length: 070º 10' ' Or

History

In reference to the inhabitants of the first region of Tarapacá of today they were the agriculturists were the Coli or Cole, differentiated totally from the fishermen or Camanchacos, but they were complemented to each other, in spite of to be different in tasks and obligations and perhaps in their origins. Coles cultivated costeños valleys, but they did not create a center of being able hard what caused that during the Delayed Intermediate period they were supeditados to the dominion of the Lupacas or Aymaras of the Plateau.

Until the Spanish conquest, the Uros Subjetos, conformed one third part of the population. "the predominance of these nomadic towns lasted the century I SAW D.C., time at which the Tiahuanaquense expansion begins in the South coast".

Of the establishment, prehistoric registries exist. In the pre-Columbian era, Iquique is the place where the population concentrates itself changa and formed part of the Colesuyo.

Period of the Virreinato of Peru (1539- 1821)

Under the virreinal era Iquique its activity like a town begins where a colonial wharf settles down. Iquique that integrated the South zone of the Tahuantinsuyo was conquered by the Spaniards having conformed part of the Virreinato of Peru.

One of the facts important in this period is that it was given to delos parts territories of this region as charges by the virrey of of Peru, of two important charges of Tarapacá are born here and the charge of Goad.

At first, Iquique was for the colonizadores a landfall point to go into towards the town of San Lorenzo de Tarapacá, seat of the political and administrative jurisdiction of the Province (from 1768). A time of greater prosperity the silver of Huantajaya and Santa Rosa would begin nevertheless with the discovery of the mineral wealth of the zone (, during century XVIII.

Towards 1811, a colonial document mentioned in Iquique the existence of a customs, ordered to watch the boardings of minerals and the first shipments of saltpeter. The customs would have been constructed in 1788 –consists in the Memory of the Intendant of Arequipa– on the base of a warehouse to deposit products brought from Valparaiso.

Period of the Republic of Peru (1821 - 1884)

To Independence the zone conformed the Department of Arequipa, soon the Department of Moquegua in 1857 finally to conform the Department of Tarapacá in 1878 being its capital the city of Iquique.

In 1842 the army from Bolivia to the control of Jose Ballivián occupies the Peruvian south among them Tarapacá and Iquique. Finally the Treaty of Puno is signed that ends this fight.

The saltpeter and its operation as of century XIX, turn to the city port an important point for the commerce of this noble product. But it is the saltpeter that gives prosperity to the port; some foreigners settle in the city, giving him an European appearance; the port, towards half-full of the XIX is frequented by English and French boats, to transport the saltpeter towards the European ports.

In that context, in 1879 the War of the Pacific untied. Iquique would be theater of episodes of first importance for the history of Bolivia, Chile and Peru. The name of Iquique is associate to Naval Combate of Iquique. At the end of the war in the 1884 and by the Treaty of Cove city it happens to comprise of Chile officially.

Period of the Republic of Chile (1884 - to the present)

Under the Chilean Administraci ón and by the increasing height of the saltpeter, Iquique is transformed into a mighty, febrile and cosmopolitan city. One expands more and more, towards the Southeast and, thus, in 1925 it abounds the construction of houses; the regiment Grenadiers, the race course and the velodrome emerge.
In 1907, the city was shocked by a massacre in the School Santa Maria when the army, by order of president Pedro Montt Montt, opened the fire in a group of near 8500 miners of the saltpeter who had marched to the city in protest by worthy conditions of work. The salitreros were killed without consideration no.

Iquique is one of the main centers in which the labor movement in Chile is developed. It is so on the same period of the height of the saltpeter, Partido is based on Iquique Obrero Socialista (POS), the 4 of June of 1912, in the premises of the working newspaper "Waking up of the Workers", located in street Mud Arana 9. Founded by the working tipógrafo Luis Emilio Recabarren, next to about 30 workers salitreros and used, these they decide, unanimously, to found the political party of the Chilean working class, that later would happen To be divided Communist of Chile.

Although the saltpeter no longer is an excellent source of income for the city, today live in Iquique more than 200,000 people. The characteristics of the port make of the city an important economic pole, equipped with a frank zone (the Frank Zone of Iquique or ZOFRI); by kindness of its climate, the place attracts in addition numerous tourists.

In the 2001 Capital American of the Culture was designated, being the first Chilean city in obtaining such distinción.Iquique was chosen by an international jury integrated by the maximum authorities of the American Capital OING of the cultural one, of Spain, Brazil, the United States and Canada; and by the mayor of Mérida (Mexico), Xavier Abreu Mountain range, that occupied this honorable position the last year.

This initiative to designate annually to a locality of some of the 35 countries of the American continent like Cultural Capital, tries to contribute to a better knowledge between the towns of America and to project the American culture to the other continents

Culture and Education

Universities and Institutes:

  • University Arturo Prat (f. 1969 like Host University of Chile Iquique).
  • University of Tarapacá.
  • University Santo Tomás.
  • University of the Sea.
  • University of the Lakes.
  • Bolivariana University.
  • Inacap.
  • Institute of the Sea Carlos Condell.

Local television channels

  • RTC (employee of the Municipality of Iquique).
  • NorTV
  • Iquique TV
  • Channel of the University Arturo Prat (of experimental character)

Local radios.

  • Municipal Radio FM 93.1.
  • Dynamic Radio FM 100.1.
  • Radio Paulina FM 89.3.
  • Radio Bravísima FM 88.7.

Newspapers and newspapers:

  • Newspaper the Star (f. 1 of November of 1966).
  • Cavancha the digital newspaper of Iquique.
  • Newspaper 21.
  • Newspaper the Saltpeter (weekly).
  • The Longino (Weekly)

Museums:

  • Municipal museum of Iquique.
  • Naval Museum.
  • Military Historical Museum.
  • Naval museum (employee of the University Arturo Prat)

Attractive tourist of Iquique

Astoreca Palace

At the beginning of century XX it was in his apogee the industry of the Saltpeter. In the first d écadas of that century, Iquique economically grows of a surprising way thanks to the important advances of processing of the Saltpeter, the one that was exported to diverse countries of Europe. 170 salitreras offices existed at the time. The owners of these offices constructed their houses of Georgian style in Iquique, specially in Baquedano street. In that context the Astoreca Palace is constructed in 1904 by order of Don Juan Higinio Astoreca, owner of the offices the Farm, Felisa, the Aurrera and Iris.

The Astoreca Palace is constructed integrally of Oregon pine. Its architecture is inspired by the Georgian style. This building has 1400 m2, in first stage 15 departments and 22 in the second became. The house belonged to the Astoreca family, but it was not lived by them, so that in 1904 they decided to be transferred to Valparaiso, stops in 1909 to sell his furniture yet the property to the government, in the sum of 80 000 CLP. from that then it began to work regional Intendance, until in 1977 it is transferred to the new building of the Palace rooms decorated with furniture of different style, between which emphasize there: Neon-Luis XVI, Art Nouveau, Neon French Renaissance, among others. The Astoreca Palace is an architectonic jewel that can be visited by the public in general, to admire the greatness of a last time.

Baquedano Stroll

To say Baquedano is to say of some Iquique way. The Huancavelica street in the days of Peru, and Baquedano when the port of the seven letters falls under the Chilean domination, constitutes the spine of that city that was constituted like so, by work and grace of the salitrera activity. Baquedano was the street by where the salitrera aristocracy walked its honor and its wealth. This way its so well related scandals in the novel of Juanito Zola, "Tarapacá" woke up to the tens of puritanas that slept there. At the end of this street, towards the south, and by the streets Bishop Labbé, Patricio Lynch and Bulnes the English district was constituted. The Anglican Church and the Masónica Lodge are their referring symbolic ones.

The Baquedano street is testimony of the height of the salitrera industry in our province. The houses were built between 1820 and 1920. During the Peruvian administration this street was called Santa Rosa, later Huáncavelica; later, in the Chilean administration Manuel Baquedano Gonzalez and Cristian Fonseca.

The houses constructed with Oregon pine, wood that arrived at this port coming from the United States and Canada, constructed by the system of simple frame or “Balloon Frame”, Georgian architectonic style. They honor his pretty runners towards the street with light pillars and balustrades of wood and beautiful window and doorframes, the use of louvre windows or lanterns, viewpoints and the shaded aerial ceiling on the roof, that are recurrent elements of this harmonic set bequeathed señero of the great one develops salitrera.

Today the street Manuel Baquedano, turned public stroll. In the day it reunites to diverse retailers of antiques, that along with to offer most unusual products recall the time of the salitreras.

Bond to emphasize that in the stroll they are located important cultural centers of the city, like the museum and costanera the Astoreca. palace.

Municipal theater of Iquique

The Municipal Theater of Iquique was constructed in 1890 and it is characterized by a facade with four feminine figures that represent the four stations of the year. The wood of its structure is North American, the one that were complemented with ground canes, clay and conchuelas. During the time of gold of the east saltpeter theater was the scene of representations of opera, zarzuela and theater of international level.

Corvette Floats Emerald

Placed exactly in the place where the "Emerald" sank the 21 of May of 1879, in Naval Combate of Iquique, becoming one of the most important icons of the city of all the coast in this sector. It is constructed of steel and it measures twelve feet of stop, painted with the colors of the national flag and hoisting to the same one in his higher part. It has been repaired years 1995 and 2005, period in which it was placed as momentary substitute to a buoy of so large minor. Tourist visits are made in boat to the rededor of the buoy. The first buoy was installed the 21 of May of 1928 and managed to illuminate itself at night with incorporated acetylene lamps in its structure. The 25 of May of 1971 were replaced by one of fiber glass, that corresponds to that it is used for the replacements by repairs. The present one is most imposing of all and was placed there the 12 of May of 1995, being reacondicionada months later and replaced the 11 of following October.

It corresponds to the beach located as opposed to you take care of it of Iquique, in his coast. Their sands of white color lodge to veraneantes during all the times of the year. In his extension it is possible to practice diverse nautical sports like the BODYBOARD, surf, windsurf, velerismo, water skiing, among others. The temperature average in the year reaches 24°C, reason why a great tourist center can be visited throughout the year, turning to Iquique

Thematic Park Cavancha

One of beautiful costaneras m ás of the country, where the children of Iquique have access to enjoy modern interactive games and beautiful natural landscapes, offers Iquique to its visitors.

The Thematic Park, located in the Cavancha Beach, is one of panoramas of the capital of the first region. The place contemplates to the rating of the sanctuary of the jacares and tropical fish, three swimming pools of trained wolves, Micky and Richard.

The work of the Park Jacare Adventure is located in 1600 m², on which a equipped habitat for the exhibition of 21 jacares was created specially, those that count on two atmospheres of rest –one in earth and another one in water, both controlled in its temperature, since these reptiles require for their sobreexperience of atmospheres between 20 and 25 degrees.

Church Cathedral of Iquique

The Parish of Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception was construída in 1885, two year after catching fire the old Parochial Church of Iquique, thanks to the initiative and managements of Apostolic Vicar Camilo Ortuzar. Hardly its construction in 1884 began and until year 1888 it lodged the rest of Captain Arturo Prat and other heroes of Naval Combate of Iquique.

The 20 of December of 1929 and by means of the Apostolic Constitution "Ad Gregem Dominicum", PioXI Pope, create the Diocese of Iquique, turning to this church the Cathedral of the city.

The Cathedral is of Italian neoclassic style, its rectangular building occupies a complete block; to a flank the parochial offices are located and in his back part it lodges an Ardent Chapel. In the North patio of the temple is an enormous Crucifijo that, is said, been the protector of Iquique.

Its interior is made up of three ships, divided by two rows of columns corintias, the central ship presents/displays an adorned blue vault with golden stars. After the Greater Altar is a splendid representation of the Asuncio'n of Santa Maria.

The Cathedral of Iquique is located in street Labbe Bishop, between Bolivar and Esmeralda, to few passages of the Wharf of passengers and the commercial center of the city.

TODOS LOS PRECIOS, HORARIOS, ITINERARIOS, ALOJAMIENTOS Y OTROS MENCIONADOS EN LOS PROGRAMAS ESTAN SUJETOS A CUALQUIER CAMBIO SIN PREVIO AVISO. LOS PROGRAMAS SON FLEXIBLES Y ADAPTABLES DE ACUERDO A SU NECESIDAD.

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